The Hurricanes of 2004
An overview of FEMA's findings and recommendations for roof system performance
by Thomas L. Smith, AIA, RRC
ProfessionalMagazine.net
Between Aug. 13, 2004, and Sept. 25, 2004, Hurricane Charley, Frances, Ivan
and Jeanne made landfall in Florida. (Ivan also hit the eastern coastal areas of Alabama.)
In response, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) deployed Mitigation Assessment
Teams (MATs) following Charley and Ivan to determine how well buildings performed following
the hurricanes. The MATs were composed of national experts in hazards (wind and flood),
coastal processes and building codes. They are deployed after disaster events for which
damage summaries and subsequent conclusions and recommendations are likely to have national
implications.
In addition, a Rapid Response Data Collection Team performed field observations after
Hurricane Frances. This team focused on critical and essential facilities, such as
hospitals and schools.
The observation, conclusions and recommendations of the Charley and Ivan MATs are presented
in FEMA publications 488 and 489, respectively, and can be obtained at no cost from FEMA.
The two reports include more than 45 pages and 55 photos retaining to roof systems and
rooftop equipment performance.
METAL PANELS
A variety of structural and architectural panels were observed. The
most notable roof covering success was the 5-V crimp panels. Exposed
fasteners are used with these panels. Although some 5-V crimp panel
failures were observed (typically when fastened with nails rather
than screws or when the substrate failed), these panels were found
to be reliable performers even in areas struck by Charley's high winds.
An advantage of exposed fastener systems is that it is easy to determine
fastener spacing after panel application (and, if deficient, additional
fasteners can be readily installed). http://www.professionalroofing.net/article.aspx?A_ID=710
Angell Roofing Opinion:
Metal roofs, and in particular the 5-V crimp panels, are the strongest and most wind
resistant of all roof coverings. Our opinion at Angell Roofing is that a 5-V crimp
roof installed in combination with a peel & stick/Ice & water shield underlayment is
hands-down the absolute best performing roof for the coastal high wind and rain areas.
We feel so strongly about this that Charles Angell, President, has installed this exact
roof system on his personal residence.
Hurricane Charley & Frances Damage
| Hurricane Charley |
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Screen Enclosure
Flew Apart |
Underlayment Held Fast |
Like a Good Neighbor, State FRAM is There! |
Here's the Church, Here's the Steeple... |
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Remnants of mobile homes siding and roofing |
Insufficient Polyurethane Foam Adhesives |
Polyurethane Foam Adhesives Installation |
Polyurethane Foam Adhesives Installation |
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How strong were
Hurricane Charlie's
Winds? |
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Metal Roof Survived |
Terra-Cotta Held Fast |
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5-V Crimp Roof Remained Firmly in Place |
Failed Standing Seam Panels |
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| Hurricane Frances |
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Hurricane Frances Damage |
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| State of Florida Wind-Borne Debris Region |
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